Table of contents : Front-Matter_2021_Thermoelectric-Energy-Conversion Front MatterCopyright_2021_Thermoelectric-Energy-Conversion CopyrightContributors_2021_Thermoelectric-Energy-Conversion ContributorsAbout-the-editors_2021_Thermoelectric-Energy-Conversion About the editors Ryoji Funahashi (editor-in-chief) Section editors Lidong Chen Emmanuel Guilmeau Qiang Li Gao Min Yuzuru MiyazakiPreface_2021_Thermoelectric-Energy-Conversion PrefaceAcknowledgments_2021_Thermoelectric-Energy-Conversion AcknowledgmentsIntroduction_2021_Thermoelectric-Energy-Conversion Introduction1-1---Thermoelectric-properties-beyond-the-standard-Bo_2021_Thermoelectric-E Thermoelectric properties beyond the standard Boltzmann model in oxides: A focus on the ruthenates Introduction Thermoelectric properties of p-type oxides A focus on the ruthenates Conclusion References1-2---Electron-correlation_2021_Thermoelectric-Energy-Conversion Electron correlation Introduction Hubbard model and Mott insulator Thermopower enhanced by electron correlation Layered cobalt oxides and heavy-fermion compounds Concluding remarks References1-3---Thermal-transport-by-phonons-in-thermo_2021_Thermoelectric-Energy-Conv Thermal transport by phonons in thermoelectrics Introduction Importance of phonon transport to thermoelectrics Thermal conductivity and phonons The phonon Boltzmann transport equation Scattering mechanisms of phonons Advances in computational methods Lattice dynamics Molecular dynamics Atomistic Greens function Monte Carlo ray tracing for phonons Advances in experimental measurements Inelastic neutron scattering for phonon dispersion and scattering rate Time-domain thermal reflectance for thermal conductivity measurement 3ω method for thermal conductivity measurement Engineering phonon transport by nanostructures Phonon coherent effect Interface softening Phonon confinement Summary and outlook Acknowledgment References2-1---Bismuth-telluride_2021_Thermoelectric-Energy-Conversion Bismuth telluride Overview of bismuth telluride Crystal structure of Bi2Te3 Band structure of Bi2Te3 Major physical parameters of Bi2Te3 Fine-grained Bi2Te3 alloys Decreased thermal conductivity by grain refinement Point defect chemistry in Bi2Te3 and its alloys Improved mechanical strength of fine-grained sintered materials Thermoelectric performance enhancement in (Bi,Sb)2Te3 and Bi2(Te,Se)3 Composition optimization of n-type Bi2(Te,Se)3 Doping mechanism in (Bi,Sb)2Te3 and Bi2(Te,Se)3 Band convergence in Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3 Microstructure engineering Nanocomposites Additional considerations Summary Acknowledgments References2-2---Thermoelectric-properties-of-skutter_2021_Thermoelectric-Energy-Conver Thermoelectric properties of skutterudites Introduction Structural forms of skutterudites Binary skutterudites Ternary skutterudites Skutterudites filled with electropositive fillers Skutterudites with the [Pt4Ge12] framework Skutterudites filled with electronegative fillers Composite skutterudites Intrinsic skutterudite composites Extrinsic skutterudite composites Synthesis of skutterudites Electronic energy bands Binary skutterudites Band structure of ternary skutterudites Band structure of filled skutterudites Band structure of skutterudites with the [Pt4Ge12] framework Band structure of skutterudites with electronegative fillers Transport properties of skutterudites Electronic transport properties Electronic transport in binary skutterudites Electronic transport in filled skutterudites Phonon transport Thermal conductivity of binary skutterudites Thermal conductivity of filled skutterudites Thermoelectric performance Mechanical properties of skutterudites Thermal stability of skutterudites Thermoelectric modules based on skutterudites Conclusion Acknowledgments References2-3---Recent-developments-in-half-Heusler-thermo_2021_Thermoelectric-Energy- Recent developments in half-Heusler thermoelectric materials Introduction Background Recent developments in XNiSn and XCoSb New p-types New n-type compositions Conclusions and outlook References2-4---Pseudogap-engineering-of-Fe2VAl-based-thermo_2021_Thermoelectric-Energ Pseudogap engineering of Fe2VAl-based thermoelectric Heusler compounds Introduction Pseudogap engineering of thermoelectric materials Fe/V off-stoichiometric effect V/Al off-stoichiometric effect Synergistic effect of off-stoichiometry and Ta doping High-pressure torsion processing Concluding remarks References2-5---Zintl-phases-for-thermoelectric-appli_2021_Thermoelectric-Energy-Conve Zintl phases for thermoelectric applications Introduction What is a Zintl phase? Zintl phases and thermoelectrics Compounds with the AB2X2 composition Compounds with the A14MPn11 composition Compounds of the A2MPn2 composition Compounds of the A11M6Pn12 composition n-Type Zintl phases KAlSb4 structure type Zr3Ni3Sb4 structure type Summary and outlook Acknowledgments References2-6---High-performance-sulfide-thermoelectric_2021_Thermoelectric-Energy-Con High-performance sulfide thermoelectric materials Introduction Low-dimensional sulfides Layered materials Bismuth sulfide Derivatives of shandite: A pseudo-two-dimensional material Phonon-liquid electron crystal and related materials Binary copper sulfides and their derivatives Ternary copper sulfides Conclusions References2-7---Synthetic-minerals-tetrahedrites-and-colusites_2021_Thermoelectric-Ene Synthetic minerals tetrahedrites and colusites for thermoelectric power generation Introduction Tetrahedrites Colusites Conclusion and perspective References2-8---High-performance-thermoelectrics-based-on_2021_Thermoelectric-Energy-C High-performance thermoelectrics based on metal selenides Introduction State-of-the-art materials Binary metal selenides PbSe SnSe Cu2Se In4Se3 GeSe BiSe Ternary metal selenides AgSbSe2 AgBiSe2 CuAgSe AgCrSe2 Oxy-selenides BiCuSeO Future outlook References2-9---Materials-development-and-module-fabrication-i_2021_Thermoelectric-Ene Materials development and module fabrication in highly efficient lead tellurides Introduction Nanostructuring and hierarchical structuring Band convergence Power generation module made of nanostructured lead telluride Conclusions and insights for the future Acknowledgment References2-10---Oxide-thermoelectric-materials--Compositional--str_2021_Thermoelectri Oxide thermoelectric materials: Compositional, structural, microstructural, and processing challenges to re ... Introduction The n-type oxide thermoelectric materials Transition-metal oxides Zinc oxide (ZnO) Perovskite-type thermoelectric materials Strontium titanate (SrTiO3) Calcium manganite (CaMnO3) The p-type oxide thermoelectric materials Layered cobalt oxides Calcium cobalt oxide (Ca3Co4O9) A toolbox to enhance the thermoelectric performance of oxide materials Summary References2-11---Oxide-thermoelectric-materials_2021_Thermoelectric-Energy-Conversion Oxide thermoelectric materials Introduction P-type oxides Layered cobaltites Sodium cobaltite Calcium cobaltite Bismuth strontium cobaltite Other p-type oxides LaCoO3 CuAlO2 N-type oxides Calcium manganite ZnO-based materials Zinc oxide Homologous compounds TiO2 and Magnéli phases TiO2 Magnéli phases Tungsten bronze structured materials SrTiO3-based materials Donor-doped SrTiO3 A-site deficient SrTiO3 SrTiO3-based composites Other n-type oxides A-site deficient perovskites Layered perovskite oxides Applications Outlook Acknowledgments References2-12---Thermoelectric-materials-based-on-organi_2021_Thermoelectric-Energy-C Thermoelectric materials-based on organicsemiconductors A short history of organic thermoelectrics Thermoelectric properties of heavily doped PEDOT during polymerization Thermoelectric properties of organic semiconductors with controlled molecular doping N-type organic thermoelectric materials Anisotropic thermal and electrical transport in organic semiconductors References2-13---Organic-thermoelectric-materials-and-_2021_Thermoelectric-Energy-Conv Organic thermoelectric materials and devices Introduction Charge transport in organic thermoelectric materials Thermoelectric materials: Polymers and small molecules Developing thermoelectric materials based on polymers Tuning the carrier concentration via doping and dedoping Tuning the mobility via optimizing the morphology Developing thermoelectric materials based on small molecules Thermoelectric materials: Polymer nanocomposites Decoupling electrical conductivity and the Seebeck coefficient Decoupling electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity Optimizing composite structures for high TE performances Organic thermoelectric devices Summary References2-14---Thermoelectric-materials-and-devices-base_2021_Thermoelectric-Energy- Thermoelectric materials and devices based on carbon nanotubes Introduction SWCNTs as thermoelectric materials Structure-property relationship Doping Summary and outlook References2-15---Higher-manganese-silicides_2021_Thermoelectric-Energy-Conversion Higher manganese silicides Introduction Unusual thermal expansion and striation problem Dissipation of MnSi striations Theoretical approach Formation of HMS-based solid solutions Thermoelectric performance of HMS-based solid solutions Domain separation Summary Acknowledgment References2-16---Silicide-materials--Thermoelectric--mechanical-_2021_Thermoelectric-E Silicide materials: Thermoelectric, mechanical properties, and durability for Mg-Si and Mn-Si Basic thermoelectric characteristics by impurity doping and thermal durability Electrode formation with low contact resistance Mechanical properties of Mg- and Mn-based silicides Modulus and hardness Toughness Strength Mechanical properties at elevated temperatures and long-term durability Toughening of TE materials Simultaneous enhancement of toughness and ZT Current status and future works Theoretical and computational study: The electronic, structural, and thermoelectric properties of impurity-doped ... Electronic and thermoelectric properties of n-type and p-type Mg2Si Screening of impurity elements in Mg2Si Instability of p-type systems and new candidates for acceptors Other strategies for improving the thermoelectric efficiency Current status and future works References2-17---Highly-efficient-Mg2Si-based-thermoelectric-materi_2021_Thermoelectri Highly efficient Mg2Si-based thermoelectric materials: A review on the micro- and nanostructure properties ... Introduction Synthesis and groups of bulk materials Structural properties and alloying Microstructure Nanostructure Dopant-stimulated phase separation, miscibility gap, and thermodynamics of phase separation Thermoelectric properties Experimentally achieved ZTmax values and doping Band features and modeling of TE properties The effect of alloying Band converging due to alloying Carrier mobility and alloying Lattice thermal conductivity and alloying Beyond alloying Thermal conductivity The effect of multiple phases Summary Acknowledgements References3-1---Segmented-modules_2021_Thermoelectric-Energy-Conversion Segmented modules Selection of TE materials Topologic structure design Interfacial materials and bonding technique Samples of high-performance segmented modules Future challenges References3-2---Power-generation-performance-of-Heusler-_2021_Thermoelectric-Energy-Co Power generation performance of Heusler Fe2VAl modules Introduction Durable Heusler Fe2VAl thermoelectric modules Thermoelectric properties of sintered Fe2VAl alloys Preparation of thermoelectric module by direct Cu joining Performance and durability of Heusler Fe2VAl thermoelectric modules Estimation of power generation performance for high-temperature exhaust gases Summary References3-3---Microthermoelectric-devices-using-Si-n_2021_Thermoelectric-Energy-Conv Microthermoelectric devices using Si nanowires Introduction Why silicon nanowire? Efficiency or power? Basic structures Specific power generation capacity Si-based microthermoelectric generator modules Horizontal architectures Vertical architectures Short thermoelements architecture Characterization Harvesting mode and test mode Benchmarking Summary and conclusion References3-4---Measurement-techniques-of-thermoelectric-d_2021_Thermoelectric-Energy- Measurement techniques of thermoelectric devices and modules Introduction Material properties and device performance Transport properties and figure of merit zT Effect of interconnect, diffusion barriers, and bonding layers Effect of thermal insulations and thermal interfaces Thermoelectric device and module testing techniques Heat flux method I-V curves and module testing Peltier effect during power generation Effect of heat flux sensor Effect of pressure Macor calibration Harman method Device performance Device performance: Single couple Device performance: Standard module Summary Acknowledgments References3-5---Evaluation-method-and-measurement-example-of-_2021_Thermoelectric-Ener Evaluation method and measurement example of thermoelectric devices and modules Introduction Theory Instrument Measurement example Summary References4-1---Thermoelectric-air-cooling_2021_Thermoelectric-Energy-Conversion Thermoelectric air cooling Introduction Principles of thermoelectric air cooling Performance index Application areas of thermoelectric air cooling Thermoelectric application in buildings Energy recovery system Heat ventilation and air-conditioning system Hybrid systems Active building envelope system Thermoelectric refrigeration and air conditioners system assisted by solar PV system Recent development in thermoelectric air cooling Challenges Conclusions References4-2---Air-cooled-thermoelectric-generato_2021_Thermoelectric-Energy-Conversi Air-cooled thermoelectric generator Waste heat Oxide thermoelectric module Thermoelectric power unit of oxide module Water-cooled unit Air-cooled unit Conclusion References4-3---Prospects-of-TEG-application-from-the-therm_2021_Thermoelectric-Energy Prospects of TEG application from the thermoelectric cooling market Introduction History and current situation of thermoelectric application Application of thermoelectric cooling and temperature control Prospect of thermoelectric application for power generation Energy harvesting (EH) Stand-alone power source Waste heat recovery References4-4---Thermoelectric-applications-in-passenge_2021_Thermoelectric-Energy-Con Thermoelectric applications in passenger vehicles Introduction Heating and cooling/thermal management Seat-based and zonal systems Battery thermal management Full HVAC system Other heating and cooling applications Power generation/waste heat recovery Conclusion and future outlook Acknowledgment References4-5---Thermoelectric-generators-for-full-sized-truc_2021_Thermoelectric-Ener Thermoelectric generators for full-sized trucks and sports utility vehicles Introduction Vehicle selection criteria Thermal design and system sizing Thermoelectric generator design and assembly Vehicle integration and testing Cost/benefit analysis Summary and conclusions Acknowledgments References4-6---Thermoelectric-generation-using-solar_2021_Thermoelectric-Energy-Conve Thermoelectric generation using solar energy Solar thermoelectric generators (STEGs) STEG, components, and state of the art Efficiency of STEGs Transient response of STEGs Conceptual model Numerical model Experimental setup Results for different thermoelectric materials Integration of thermoelectric generators with solar photovoltaic cells PV-TEG hybrid system under standard illumination condition PV-TEG hybrid system under concentrated solar radiations MJ-TEG hybrid system under concentrated solar radiations Other techniques to enhance performance of hybrid systems Energy storage Spectral beam splitting technology Summary References4-7---Development-and-demonstration-of-outdoor-applica_2021_Thermoelectric-E Development and demonstration of outdoor-applicable thermoelectric generators for IoT applications Introduction Thermoelectric generation as a power source for wireless sensor networks Power supply design based on the energy balance calculation Simulation Heat source temperature Cooling method Amount of power generation Design Practical implementation Latent-heat-storage-type TEG module Sensible-heat-storage-type TEG module IoT application Conclusion ReferencesIndex_2021_Thermoelectric-Energy-Conversion Index A B C D E F G H I K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
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